Countries government and presidents

  Afghanistan
 Islamic republic - qua ran is the set of law. 
Hamid KARZAI - he emerged as a resistance leader under Taliban rule and worked to undermine the regime. He is well versed in several languages including his native Peshto, Persian, Hindi, French and English. Several times in 2001 Karazi warned the United States about 9/11 

 Brazil 
federal republic - have elections 
Dilma ROUSSEFF - is opposed Brazil's military dictarorship of the 1960 and 70's and served 3 yrs in prison.
She has been divorced 2. She has a degree in economics and now rules the country with the eight biggest economy in the world. She underwent chemotherapy for lymphoma in 2009 and now is remission.

China 
Communist state - full control of the gov. 
President XI Jinping - son of revolutionary veteran one of the Communist Party's founding fathers. He married folk singer Peng Liyuan, who also holds the rank of army general, in 1987. To many in China, Ms.Peng was the better known of the half of the couple. They have a daughter and she studies at Harvard. 

Germany 
federal republic
President Joachim GAUCK and Chancellor Angela Merkel - (Angel Merkel) Graduated from University of Leipzig in 1978 with a degree in physics and physical chemistry; earned a PhD in quantum chemistry from the German Academy of Science in Berlin. Has been since Nov. 2005, Merkel has earned the top spot on the FORBES list of the most powerful women in the world for the 8 of the past 10 yrs. 


















Iran - a theocratic republic
theocratic republic
President Hasan Fereidun RUHANI and Supreme Leader Ali Hoseini - Khamenei = Khamenei - in 1963 took part in street protests against the U.S backed Shah of Iran. After the uprising was quashed Khamenei was exiled. K was inmprisoned multiple times and in 1975 was internally exiled to a remote region in southeastern Iran. Was elected President of Iran in 1981 and re-elected in 1985. Became Iran's Supreme Leaders in 1989. 
(Hasan Ruhani) - has held several parliamentary posts, including deputy speaker and has also served on the Supreme National Security Council. Was elected president of Iran - June 2013. Has been openly critical of the outgoing president saying Mahmoud Ahmadinejad's "careless, calculated and unstudied remarks" have costly the country dearly. 














Israel 
parliamentary democracy
President Shimon PERES and Netanyahu - Peres was born in Belarus. To escape the persecutions of Jews there, the family fled to Palestine in 1934. When Arab forces launched their attack on the new state of Israel in 1948 Peres was given the chief responsibility for securing military equipment for Israel form aboard. Later he organized Israel's nuclear program and is regarded as the father of the Israel's atomic bomb. As Israel's Minster of Foreign Affairs Shimon Peres was in charge of Israeli negotiations during with Palestine. He share a Nobel Peace Prize with his own Prime Minister. 













France 
republic
Francois HOLLANDE- no previous experience in national gov. position. The mother of his four children is Segolene Royal, with whom he shared a 30 yr relationship. He was born in 1954 in the city of Rouen to an extreme right physician father and progressive social worker.

















Saudi Arabia
monarchy
ABDALLAH bin Abd al-Aziz Al Saud king and prime minister = he has fathered 22 children, the youngest when he was 79. He is worth approx. 21 billion dollars. He was appointed commander of the Saudi Arabian National Guard, a post he was still holding when he became kin. In Nov 2007, King Abdullah visted Pope Benedict in the Apostolic Palace. he is the Saudi monarch to visit the Pope. On March 2008, he called for "brotherly and sincere dialogue between believers from all religions." .................................













Mexico
federal republic
Enrique PENA NIETO - He was the eldest of 4 siblings in a middle-class family; his father, Gilberto Enrique Pena del Mazo, was an engineer for the electric company and his mother, Maria del Socorro Nieto, a schoolteacher. Reports that he fathered 2 children in extramarital affairs while his wife Monica raised the couple's 3 children plus the investigation sudden death of his wife at home. Have prompted many ti call him the Teflon candidate because trouble seems to slide off him. He married Angelica Rivera = first lady of Mexico. 

United Kingdom 
constitutional monarchy and Commonwealth realm
Prime Minister David CAMERON and the queen - his first son Ivan dies = turning pt. youngest Prime Minister (43 when he took office) in over 200 years.

Queen = has been ruling for 60 yrs.
















Venezuela
federal republic 
President Nicolas MADURO Moros  

bus driver before becoming politically active in the early 1990s, he met chavez after chavez was out of pirson.was the vice president then he became president.

India 
federal republic 
President Pranab MUKHERJEE - He taught Political Science at the Vidiyanagar College, and worked as a journalist before entering politics. Was rated as one  of the best finance ministers of the world in 1984 and was adjudged the best par. in 1997. He had a conflict with Rajiv Gandhi (who took over as Prime Minster form his mother Indira after she was assassinated in 1984) and started his own party- Rashtriya Samajwadi Congress.